Python学习（是我的课堂上学到的东西）不包含课外

2023-11-07课堂

下面是今天学的有关python的一些内容
归纳一下就是对Python的类，对象，魔术方法

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"""
    创建类和对象
"""

# 类和对象
# 1.静态特征
# 2.动态行为

# 属性
class Person:
    name = None
    age = None
    friends = None
    # 构造函数
    def __init__(self, name, age, friends):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.friends = friends
    # 行为
    def introduce(self):
        print(f"大家好，我是{self.name},今年{self.age}岁，我朋友有{self.friends}")

# 定义对象
obj = Person("lichungan", 40 , ["hey", "you","hello"])

obj.introduce()
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# 定义学生类
class Student:
    # 成员变量
    name = None
    # 成员方法
    def say_hi(self):
        print(f"Hello, I am{self.name},happy")

# 创建类对象
stu1 = Student()
stu1.name = "lvzhitian"
stu1.say_hi()

# 创建类对象第二个
stu2 = Student()
stu2.name = "lvzhitian2"
stu2.say_hi()
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"""
    创建对象：构造函数
"""

class Student:
    def __init__(self,name,age,address):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.address = address
        print("已经创建一个学生对象，并且做了初始化")

stu1 = Student("lvzhitian",20,"Hongkong")
print(f"{stu1.name}{stu1.age}{stu1.address}")
stu2 = Student("lvzhitian2",30 ,"Macau")
print(f"{stu2.name}{stu2.age}{stu2.address}")
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"""
    魔术方法
"""

class Student:
    def __init__(self,name,age,address):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.address = address
        print("已经创建一个学生对象，并且做了初始化")

    # __str__:默认输出类和内存地址
    def __str__(self):
        print("__str__(self)")
        return f"{self.name}{self.age}{self.address}"

    # 默认进行<,>会报错，所以需要魔术方法__lt__
    def __lt__(self,other):
        print("__lt__(self,other)")
        return self.age < other.age

    # 默认进行<=,>=会报错，所以需要魔术方法__le__
    def __le__(self,other):
        print("__le__(self,other)")
        return self.age <= other.age

    # 默认==是进行比较两个对象的内存地址
    def __eq__(self,other):
        print("__eq__(self,other)")
        return self.address == other.address

stu1 = Student("lvzhitian",20,"Hongkong")
stu2 = Student("lvzhitian2",30,"Macau")

# 默认调用的是__str__魔术方法
print(stu1)
print(str(stu1))

# 默认不能进行<,>比较
print(stu1 < stu2)
print(stu1 > stu2)

# 默认不能进行<=,>=比较
print(stu1 <= stu2)
print(stu1 >= stu2)

# 默认==比较的是两个对象
stu3 = stu1
stu4 = Student("lvzhitian3",40,"Taiwan")
print(stu1 == stu2)
print(stu1 == stu3)
print(stu1 == stu4)
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"""
    其他常用的魔术方法
"""

class Test:
    # __new__:实例化类时，自动调用，用于创建类的新实例
    def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
        print("__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)")
        print("new object")
        # 必要时，调用父类创建对象方法
        return super().__new__(cls)

    # __init__:实例化类时，自动调用，用于初始化类的新实例
    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        print("__init__(self,*args,**kwargs)")
        print("init object")
        super().__init__(*args,**kwargs)

    # __del__:销毁对象时，自动调用，用于释放资源，但是python会在执行完毕后，自动释放资源，所以其实也可以不用去管它
    def __del__(self):
        print("del object")

    # __call__:调用类时自动调用，用于调用类的方法
    def __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        print("__call__(self,*args,**kwargs)")
        print("call object")

# 创建并初始化实例
t = Test()
# 将实例当作函数调用
t()
# 销毁用例
del t
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class Staff:
    def __init__(self,id,name,dep,salary):
        self.id = id
        self.name = name
        self.dep = dep
        self.salary = salary
        print("已经创建一个员工对象，并且做了初始化")

    def work(self,time):
        if time > 8 and time < 18:
            if time >12 and time < 14:
                self.eat()
            else:
                print(f"我是员工：{self.name},我在划水")
        else:
            self.sleep()

    def eat(self):
        print(f"我是员工{self.name}吃饭")

    def sleep(self):
        print(f"我是员工{self.name}摸鱼")

s = Staff(1,"lvzhitian","it",10000)

s.work(12)

# 测试
for i in range(8,20):
    s.work(i)
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import switch

accounts = {
    "11111111":80000,
    "22222222":100
}
class ATM:
    def query_money(self,account):
        if accounts[account]:
            print(f"{account},有{accounts[account]}")
        return accounts[account]
    def set_money(self,account,money):
        yuer = None
        if accounts[account]:
            accounts[account] += money
            print(f"{account} 存储 {money} 成功。")
            yuer = accounts[account]
        return yuer, money

    def get_money(self, account, money):
        yuer = None
        if accounts[account]:
            if accounts[account] >= money:
                accounts[account] -= money
                print(f"{account} 取出 {money} 成功。")
                yuer = accounts[account]
        return yuer, money

atm = ATM()

acc = input("Enter account:")
print("1:存钱；2：取钱；3：查询")
x = int(input("Enter"))

if(x == 2):
    try:
        yuer, money = atm.get_money(acc, 10000)
        print(f"余额:{yuer} 取出:{money} Happy去")
    except KeyError as e:
        print("账号不存在")
        print(e)
if(x == 1):
    try:
        yuer, money = atm.set_money(acc, 10000)
        print(f"余额:{yuer} 存入:{money} ")
    except KeyError as e:
        print("账号不存在")
        print(e)

if(x == 3):
    try:
        yuer= atm.query_money(acc)
        print(f"余额:{yuer}")
    except KeyError as e:
        print("账号不存在")
        print(e)

"""
    后面自己去补充
"""